The dynamics of global politics in the digital era show significant changes in the way countries interact, influence policies and shape public opinion. The development of information and communication technology has changed the political landscape dramatically. Social media, digital platforms and instant information channels enable the rapid spread of ideas, propaganda and social movements. One important aspect of this dynamic is how large countries such as the United States, China and Russia utilize technology to strengthen their geopolitical position. For example, China uses digital tools to monitor its citizens and strengthen political control at home, while promoting global initiatives such as the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) through digital platforms. Social media not only functions as a communication tool, but also as an arena for ideological battles. Political campaigns around the world now rely heavily on big data analysis to understand voter preferences, using algorithms to reach audiences efficiently. This made the campaign more targeted, and sparked debate about the ethics of using personal data. The influence of fake news in the digital era is also a central issue. The spread of inaccurate information can trigger conflict and influence elections in various countries. For example, in the 2016 election in the US, fake news spread widely on social media, creating significant polarization among voters. To overcome this problem, many digital platforms are now implementing stricter policies on information verification. In addition, cyber warfare has become a new tactic in geopolitical battles. Countries are now attacking each other’s digital infrastructure, creating greater risks to global stability. Cyber attacks on election systems or critical infrastructure can undermine national security and exacerbate international tensions. There are also positive impacts from the digital era, such as openness of information which is beneficial for social movements. For example, the #MeToo and Black Lives Matter movements gained momentum through extensive online campaigns, giving a voice to those who have long been marginalized. At the global level, digital tools facilitate more transparent communication between countries, enabling more inclusive diplomacy. Changes in people’s voting behavior are also visible. The younger generation who are more technologically savvy are more likely to use online platforms to voice opinions and get involved in politics. States are now seeking to embrace digital innovation to attract young voters, using mobile applications and websites to deliver information to voters. Going forward, countries around the world will need to adapt quickly to these changes, devising regulations that can protect user privacy without hindering innovation. Understanding the dynamics of global politics in the digital era is not only about technology, but also about sensitivity to democratic values and human rights that continue to develop.
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